General framework

Further liberalization of the transport market in Europe

DB Arriva continues to follow transport policy developments in France, which are expected to create the framework in which future operators will need to deliver their services. The Île-­­de-­­France region (Greater Paris) opened up its bus system to competition. All bus lines in the Grande Couronne (outer departments of Greater Paris) will be opened by 2021. The Petite Couronne (Paris and the inner departments of the region) will follow by 2025. The French Government and some regions announced that they plan to start tendering for rail passenger transport in 2020.